In practice, it takes years of notetaking and analysis to break down adaptations and other evolutionary forces. Charles Darwin noticed the uniquely shaped beaks of the Galapagos finches during a five-week foray to the islands, and then spent the next decade and a half trying to make sense of them.  But even a single moment can shed light on an organism’s grind for survival, especially when it’s captured on camera. The BioMed Central Ecology and Evolution image competition highlights photos that show adaptations in action. Experts submit works from lab benches and field sites across the world to vy for the crowning spot in their area of study. Here are the judges’ 2021 selections for each category, along with the grand prize winner.

Best in Human Evolution and Ecology

Overall winner and best in Conservation Biology

Editor’s pick

Best in Ecological Developmental Biology

Best in Behavioral Ecology

Best in Evolutionary Developmental Biology and Biodiversity